{"id":1793,"date":"2021-03-30T06:38:21","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T06:38:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging2.door.harsle.com\/?p=1793"},"modified":"2021-04-08T05:51:36","modified_gmt":"2021-04-08T05:51:36","slug":"harsle-the-hydraulic-circuits-design-of-hydraulic-presses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/harsle-the-hydraulic-circuits-design-of-hydraulic-presses\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1vrh hydraulick\u00fdch obvod\u016f hydraulick\u00fdch lis\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/span>18<\/span> minut<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V modern\u00edm stroje<\/a>, hydraulick\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/a> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jsou tvo\u0159eny mnoha z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi hydraulick\u00fdmi okruhy. Takzvan\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed okruh je slo\u017een z p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdch komponent\u016f a slou\u017e\u00ed k dokon\u010den\u00ed specifick\u00e9 funkce typick\u00e9ho olejov\u00e9ho okruhu. Osvojte si jejich princip role, slo\u017een\u00ed a charakteristiky podle v\u00fdkonu stroje, po\u017eadavk\u016f a pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a rozumn\u00e9 volby t\u011bchto obvod\u016f, abyste vytvo\u0159ili kompletn\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh obvodu regulace tlaku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Obvody pro regulaci tlaku jsou hydraulick\u00e9 okruhy, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ventily pro regulaci tlaku k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho tlaku v syst\u00e9mu. Tlakov\u00fd okruh ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tlakov\u00e9ho ventilu lze pou\u017e\u00edt k dosa\u017een\u00ed stabilizace tlaku, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed tlaku a v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e9 regulace tlaku pro spln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f na s\u00edlu a to\u010div\u00fd moment ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho prvku v po\u017eadavc\u00edch. Standardn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tlakov\u00fdch ventil\u016f jsou p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily, reduk\u010dn\u00ed ventily, sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventily a zp\u011btn\u00e9 ventily paraleln\u011b s kombinac\u00ed jednocestn\u00fdch reduk\u010dn\u00edch ventil\u016f a jednosm\u011brn\u00fdch sekven\u010dn\u00edch ventil\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Obvody pro regulaci tlaku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ot\u00e1zka 1: Volba metody regulace tlaku<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Za prv\u00e9<\/strong>, Obvody omezuj\u00edc\u00ed tlak<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku v hydraulick\u00fdch obvodech se p\u0159ednostn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil. Obr\u00e1zek 1-1 ukazuje spole\u010dn\u00fd obvod pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku. N\u00edzk\u00fd p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil 1 slou\u017e\u00ed k tomu, aby p\u00edst nespadl pod svou vlastn\u00ed hmotnost, kdy\u017e p\u00edst v\u00e1lce stoupne (nefunguje) na jeho konec. To \u0161et\u0159\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie a zabra\u0148uje zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed oleje z p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za druh\u00e9, okruh d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-2, kdy\u017e je elektromagnetick\u00fd t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd ventil demagnetizov\u00e1n, je tlak okruhu nastaven na 10 MPa pro hlavn\u00ed pojistn\u00fd ventil: kdy\u017e je elektromagnetick\u00fd t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd ventil buzen, studna proch\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fdm ventilem , a tlak je nastaven na 10 MPa pro hlavn\u00ed pojistn\u00fd ventil. Ventil je buzen, j\u00edmka prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00e9ho elektromagnetick\u00e9ho ventilu m\u011bn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed ventil a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s pojistn\u00fdm ventilem a nebo b, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e9st tlak v hlavn\u00edm okruhu na 7 MPa nebo 5 MPa. Kapacita ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ventilu, krom\u011b hlavn\u00edho ventilu, jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e mal\u00e9ho pr\u016ftokov\u00e9ho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed,<\/strong> Dvoustup\u0148ov\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd okruh reguluj\u00edc\u00ed tlak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 1-3, kdy\u017e p\u00edst v\u00e1lce stoup\u00e1, kles\u00e1 a p\u00edst z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed poloze, je tlak v olejov\u00e9m okruhu P2 = 5 MPa (vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vysokotlak\u00e9ho \u010derpadla lev\u00e9ho registru). Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak p\u00edst dos\u00e1hne dna, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed a do hry vstoup\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 rel\u00e9, kter\u00e9 manipuluje s elektromagnetick\u00fdm t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fdm ventilem tak, \u017ee P1 = 10 MPa, vysokotlak\u00fd olej vstupuje do okruhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dtvrt\u00e9, okruh pro regulaci tlaku pro kombinovan\u00e1 \u010derpadla<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V konstrukci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kapacita \u010derpadla kompatibiln\u00ed s po\u017eadavky pr\u00e1ce a p\u0159eru\u0161it m\u00e9n\u011b zbyte\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla generovan\u00e9ho p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch rychlostech pohonu. Obr\u00e1zek 1-4 Okruh je elektricky \u0159\u00edzen a m\u016f\u017ee pracovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pr\u016ftoky a tlaky oleje podle pot\u0159eby k udr\u017een\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti okruhu s v\u00fdhodami, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed variabiln\u00ed \u010derpadla dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku. Elektrohydraulick\u00fd reverza\u010dn\u00ed ventil v okruhu je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n z portu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ok\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm mezi hlavn\u00edmi reverzn\u00edmi ventily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ot\u00e1zka 2: Nastavova\u010de parametr\u016f tlaku<\/strong>t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Za prv\u00e9,<\/strong> Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed tlaku p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nastaven\u00fd tlak pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec nepohybuje po\u017eadovanou rychlost\u00ed. Obvod 1-5 vy\u017eaduje p\u0159i zved\u00e1n\u00ed ploch\u00fd pohyb. Celkov\u011b je rozsah nastaven\u00ed rychlosti velk\u00fd, p\u00edst se m\u016f\u017ee zastavit v jak\u00e9koli poloze, ale v provozu upravte rychlost zved\u00e1n\u00ed zdvihu, ve velmi drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch se rychlost nem\u011bn\u00ed, pouze p\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky na velmi mal\u00e9, zm\u011bna rychlosti stoup\u00e1n\u00ed , nem\u016f\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na v\u00fdkon. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu nastaven vysoko. Nastaven\u00ed tlaku p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pracovn\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fd jako tlak zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce a p\u0159i po\u017eadovan\u00e9m poklesu tlaku pumpovat ve\u0161ker\u00fd pr\u016ftok \u0161krtic\u00edm ventilem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za druh\u00e9,<\/strong> Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry nastaven\u00ed tlaku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry nastaven\u00ed tlaku vedou k vysok\u00e9 teplot\u011b oleje v nap\u00e1jec\u00edm syst\u00e9mu \u010derpadla s konstantn\u00edm tlakem. Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-6 v hydraulick\u00e9m okruhu \u010derpadla s konstantn\u00edm tlakem, v d\u016fsledku nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch parametr\u016f nastaven\u00ed tlaku, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek vysokou teplotu oleje b\u011bhem provozu syst\u00e9mu. D\u016fvodem v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu je, \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd tlak Pr nastaven\u00fd tlakov\u00fdm ventilem 1 je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tlak Pt nastaven\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017einou ventilu 2, tak\u017ee \u010derpadlo s konstantn\u00edm tlakem pracuje v\u017edy pod maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdtlakem, p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem k tlaku Pr p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee a v\u0161e je p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bno na teplo, tak\u017ee teplota syst\u00e9mu stoup\u00e1, a proto ventil 1 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed pojistn\u00fdch ventil\u016f, tlak bude upraven na nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak, ne\u017e syst\u00e9m po\u017eadoval 0,5 ~ 1 MPa. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd probl\u00e9m lze vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed,<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edklad selh\u00e1n\u00ed nastaven\u00ed parametru tlaku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Na obr\u00e1zku 1-7 hydraulick\u00fd obvod \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tlaku kvantitativn\u00edho \u010derpadla je hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo kvantitativn\u00ed \u010derpadlo, t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00ed ventil v poloze m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt typu Y. Kdy\u017e tedy hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec p\u0159estane b\u011b\u017eet, syst\u00e9m se nevylo\u017e\u00ed, hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo vypust\u00ed tlakov\u00fd olej p\u0159epadov\u00fdm p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Odleh\u010dovac\u00ed ventil v syst\u00e9mu je pilotn\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil typu YF, struktura tohoto pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu je t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00fd koncentrick\u00fd typ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9my:<\/strong> Syst\u00e9m v reverzn\u00edm ventilu ve st\u0159edn\u00ed poloze, upravte tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu nalezen, kdy\u017e je hodnota tlaku o 10 MPa n\u00ed\u017ee, p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil funguje norm\u00e1ln\u011b; kdy\u017e je tlak nastaven na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 10 MPa jakoukoli hodnotu tlaku, syst\u00e9m vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00edpav\u00fd zvuk jako p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alka, v tuto chv\u00edli m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt prudk\u00e9 vibrace ukazatele tlakom\u011bru. Po testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee hluk vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u00fdza probl\u00e9m\u016f s hydraulick\u00fdmi okruhy: v t\u0159\u00edstup\u0148ov\u00e9m koaxi\u00e1ln\u00edm vysokotlak\u00e9m p\u0159etlakov\u00e9m ventilu, hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvce a t\u011blese ventilu jsou ventilov\u00e1 v\u00edka opat\u0159ena dv\u011bma posuvn\u00fdmi ulo\u017een\u00edmi, pokud se t\u011bleso ventilu a kryt ventilu po soust\u0159ednosti v\u00fdvrtu za konstrukc\u00ed hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka se nem\u016f\u017ee pohybovat flexibiln\u011b, ale dr\u017eet se na stran\u011b otvoru, aby provedla abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed pohyb. Kdy\u017e je tlak nastaven na ur\u010ditou hodnotu, je povinen vyvolat vibrace hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvky. Tato vibrace nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvkou v pracovn\u00edm pohybu konven\u010dn\u00edch vibrac\u00ed, ale hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka je zaseknut\u00e1 v ur\u010dit\u00e9 poloze (v tuto chv\u00edli proto, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka nese hydraulickou up\u00ednac\u00ed s\u00edlu) a je vyvol\u00e1na vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed vibrac\u00ed. Tyto vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed vibrace zp\u016fsob\u00ed siln\u00e9 vibrace pru\u017einy, zejm\u00e9na kulky reguluj\u00edc\u00ed tlak, a rezonanci hluku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho, proto\u017ee vysokotlak\u00fd olej neproud\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159epadov\u00fdm otvorem, ale zaseknut\u00fdm p\u0159epadov\u00fdm otvorem a vnit\u0159n\u00edm dren\u00e1\u017en\u00edm kan\u00e1lem zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, bude tento vysokotlak\u00fd proud oleje vyd\u00e1vat vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed hluk kapaliny. Tyto vibrace a hluk jsou buzeny specifick\u00fdmi provozn\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami syst\u00e9mu, a proto p\u0159i tlac\u00edch pod 10 MPa nekv\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esnost v\u00fdroby pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu typu YF je relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1. Souosost vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kruhov\u00e9 plochy spojovac\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti mezi vloupac\u00edm krytem a t\u011blesem ventilu a soust\u0159ednost vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kruhov\u00e9 plochy t\u0159\u00ed ramen hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvky by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v uveden\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 tlumic\u00ed otvor na hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvce omezen\u00fd tlumic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek, kdy\u017e hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka vibruje. Pokud je viskozita pracovn\u00edho oleje n\u00edzk\u00e1 nebo je teplota p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, tlum\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, a proto volba vhodn\u00e9 viskozity n\u00e1r\u016fstu teploty oleje a \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, co\u017e rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vibrac\u00ed a hluku .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010dtvrt\u00e9, probl\u00e9m s poruchou nastaven\u00ed parametru tlaku<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
  • Tlak nelze upravit. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee pru\u017eina regula\u010dn\u00edho tlaku p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u011bkk\u00e1, \u0161patn\u011b nainstalovan\u00e1 nebo vynechan\u00e1; pilotn\u00ed pojistn\u00fd ventil zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edho ventilu zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed tlum\u00edc\u00edho otvoru, posuvn\u00fd ventil na doln\u00edm konci tlaku oleje, k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku kapaliny v horn\u00ed dutin\u011b a s\u00edly pru\u017einy hlavn\u00edho ventilu, tak\u017ee hlavn\u00ed ventil se posunul nahoru, regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017eina ztratila ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edho ventilu, tak\u017ee hlavn\u00ed ventil p\u0159i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm tlaku otev\u0159e p\u0159epad p\u0159elivu; c\u00edvka a sedlo ventilu nejsou zav\u0159en\u00e9, \u00fanik je v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd; c\u00edvka je ot\u0159ep nebo jin\u00e1 \u0161p\u00edna uv\u00edzl\u00e1 v otev\u0159en\u00e9 poloze.<\/li>
  • Tlak je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fd a nelze jej sn\u00ed\u017eit. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee c\u00edvka je ot\u0159ep nebo \u0161p\u00edna uv\u00edzl\u00e1 v zav\u0159en\u00e9 poloze, hlavn\u00ed ventil nelze otev\u0159\u00edt; instalace, nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vstupu a v\u00fdstupu ventilu, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd tlakov\u00fd olej, kter\u00fd by tla\u010dil na c\u00edvku, aby se pohyboval, tak\u017ee se c\u00edvka nem\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt; pilotn\u00ed ventil p\u0159ed zablokov\u00e1n\u00edm tlumic\u00edho otvoru, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed ventil nelze otev\u0159\u00edt.<\/li>
  • Oscilace tlaku je velk\u00e1. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je, \u017ee v oleji je sm\u00edch\u00e1n vzduch; \u0161patn\u00fd kontakt mezi c\u00edvkou a sedlem ventilu; pr\u016fm\u011br tlumic\u00edho otvoru je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd a tlumic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek je slab\u00fd. Tlum\u00edc\u00ed role je slab\u00e1; rezonance; pohyb c\u00edvky v t\u011ble ventilu nen\u00ed pru\u017en\u00fd. U v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k n\u00e1vrhu obvodu, v\u00fdb\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1sti, parametr\u016f komponent a nastaven\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, instalaci potrub\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho oleje atd. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 probl\u00e9my lze \u0159e\u0161it z hlediska n\u00e1vrhu obvodu, v\u00fdb\u011bru sou\u010d\u00e1sti, sou\u010d\u00e1sti nastaven\u00ed parametr\u016f a syst\u00e9mu, instalace potrub\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho oleje a dal\u0161\u00ed c\u00edlen\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Ot\u00e1zka 3: Uzav\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdstupu hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Obr\u00e1zek 1-8 (a) ukazuje regula\u010dn\u00ed obvod, kter\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 tlak v syst\u00e9mu mezi dv\u011bma tlaky regulovan\u00fdmi p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem 1 a p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem 2. Tlak v syst\u00e9mu je regulov\u00e1n p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem 1, kdy\u017e je zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil 3 v lev\u00e9 poloze, pojistn\u00fd ventil 2 ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 poloze a uvoln\u00ed syst\u00e9m v neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze. Syst\u00e9m. Po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed do\u0161lo k nehod\u011b prasknut\u00ed hadice. Nehoda byla analyzov\u00e1na a bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee je zp\u016fsobena nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem syst\u00e9mu. Reverza\u010dn\u00ed ventil 3 v procesu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku mus\u00ed proj\u00edt kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm procesem \u00fapln\u00e9ho uzav\u0159en\u00ed ventilu, v tomto procesu kv\u016fli v\u00fdstupn\u00edmu oleji z \u010derpadla nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9, aby tlak v syst\u00e9mu n\u00e1hle vzrostl, opakovan\u00fd tlakov\u00fd r\u00e1z k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00fdbuch \u00fanavy hadice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jedno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-8 (b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tento p\u0159\u00edklad ilustruje: i velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdstupu, ale tak\u00e9 hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zp\u016fsob\u00ed mnoho tlakov\u00fdch r\u00e1z\u016f, pokud syst\u00e9m nem\u00e1 hadici, dlouh\u00e1 doba nevyhnuteln\u011b povede k po\u0161kozen\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ot\u00e1zka 4:<\/strong> Interference mezi tlakov\u00fdmi ventily<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Za prv\u00e9, hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m se dv\u011bma \u010derpadly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    V hydraulick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu zobrazen\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku 1-9 hydraulick\u00e1 \u010derpadla 1 a 2 p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed tlakov\u00fd olej do hydraulick\u00fdch v\u00e1lc\u016f 7 a 8 a zp\u011btn\u00e9 ventily 5 a 6 jsou oba t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00e9 elektromagnetick\u00e9 reverzn\u00ed ventily typu Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Probl\u00e9my:<\/strong> <\/strong>Kdy\u017e je spu\u0161t\u011bno hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo a syst\u00e9m za\u010dne b\u011b\u017eet, tlak v pojistn\u00fdch ventilech 3 a 4 je nestabiln\u00ed a vibruje a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 hluk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Test uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee kdy\u017e fungoval pouze jeden pojistn\u00fd ventil, jeho regulovan\u00fd tlak byl stabiln\u00ed a nedoch\u00e1zelo ke zjevn\u00fdm vibrac\u00edm a hluku. Pokud pracuj\u00ed dva pojistn\u00e9 ventily sou\u010dasn\u011b, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu je vid\u011bt, \u017ee dva pojistn\u00e9 ventily nemaj\u00ed jin\u00e9 spojen\u00ed ne\u017e spole\u010dn\u00e9 vratn\u00e9 potrub\u00ed. Zjevn\u011b je chyba zp\u016fsobena touto spole\u010dnou zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed linkou. Ze struktury v\u00fdkonu p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu je patrn\u00fd kan\u00e1l regula\u010dn\u00edho oleje pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu pro vnit\u0159n\u00ed odtok, tj. Pojistn\u00fd ventil p\u0159ed tlakov\u00fdm olejem do ventilu, p\u0159es tlumic\u00ed otvor proud\u00ed do dutiny regula\u010dn\u00ed kapacity, kdy\u017e tlak stoup\u00e1, p\u016fsoben\u00ed na ventil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kdy\u017e tlak stoupne a hydraulick\u00fd tlak na ventil p\u0159ekon\u00e1 regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017einu, otev\u0159ete port ku\u017eelov\u00e9ho ventilu, abyste sn\u00ed\u017eili tlak, olej proud\u00ed do zp\u011btn\u00e9 dutiny p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu otvorem t\u011blesa ventilu a olej p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 z hlavn\u00edho port ventilu sb\u00edh\u00e1 a proud\u00ed zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee zp\u011btn\u00fdm potrub\u00edm - stejn\u00fd pr\u016ftok, tak\u017ee ve zp\u011btn\u00e9m potrub\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu stav proud\u011bn\u00ed oleje p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje regula\u010dn\u00ed tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tlakov\u00fd r\u00e1z, protitlak a dal\u0161\u00ed fluktuace kapaliny p\u0159\u00edmo na ku\u017eelov\u00e9m ventilu pilotn\u00edho ventilu, tak\u017ee se zv\u00fd\u0161il i tlak v \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed dutin\u011b a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ot\u0159es\u016fm a kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek nestabiln\u00ed \u00fapravu tlaku pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu, kterou lze snadno vyprovokovat vibrace a hluk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vra\u0165te dva p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventily do olejov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee samostatn\u011b, aby nedo\u0161lo k vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed. Pokud kv\u016fli n\u011bkter\u00fdm faktor\u016fm mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zkombinov\u00e1ny zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, m\u011bly by b\u00fdt zkombinov\u00e1ny po siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u011btn\u00e9m potrub\u00ed a dva p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventily jsou zm\u011bn\u011bny na typ vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u00faniku, to znamen\u00e1 po \u00fast\u00ed ku\u017eelov\u00e9ho ventilu oleje a hlavn\u00edho ventilu zp\u011bt do olejov\u00e9 komory je odd\u011bleno, odd\u011blen\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee na extern\u00edm pojistn\u00e9m ventilu typu \u00faniku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Za druh\u00e9, hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m zvedac\u00edho stolu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-10 obvod, ka\u017ed\u00fd obvod p\u016fsob\u00ed samostatn\u011b, dva okruhy odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed stejn\u00fdm specifikac\u00edm hydraulick\u00fdch komponent, stejn\u00e9ho pr\u016fm\u011bru potrub\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Probl\u00e9my:<\/strong> kdy\u017e za\u010dnou pracovat sou\u010dasn\u011b dv\u011b hydraulick\u00e1 \u010derpadla, p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily 3 a 4 pro nastaven\u00ed kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku, vibrac\u00ed a hluku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Test ukazuje, \u017ee kdy\u017e \u010derpadlo spust\u00ed provoz s jedn\u00edm v\u00e1lcem, tlak nastaven\u00fd pojistn\u00fdm ventilem je stabiln\u00ed a nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zjevn\u00fdm vibrac\u00edm a hluku, a kdy\u017e se spust\u00ed dv\u011b \u010derpadla sou\u010dasn\u011b, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee funguj\u00ed dva p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily sou\u010dasn\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Jak je patrn\u00e9 z obr\u00e1zku 1-10, oba pojistn\u00e9 ventily sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 vratn\u00e9 potrub\u00ed a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 spojen\u00ed. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee chyba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tomto spole\u010dn\u00e9m potrub\u00ed. Pokud je celkov\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 trubka st\u00e1le navr\u017eena podle pr\u016fm\u011bru samostatn\u00e9ho okruhu, je nevyhnuteln\u00e9, aby se protitlak zp\u011btn\u00e9ho otvoru p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu zv\u00fd\u0161il, kdy\u017e jsou ob\u011b \u010derpadla nap\u00e1jena sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Protitlak na zp\u00e1te\u010dce pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou ob\u011b \u010derpadla nap\u00e1jena sou\u010dasn\u011b. Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee kdy\u017e ob\u011b \u010derpadla pracuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, stav lamin\u00e1rn\u00edho proud\u011bn\u00ed, celkov\u00e1 vratn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1ra pod\u00e9l ztr\u00e1ty odporu se zv\u00fd\u0161ila o 1 \u010das; turbulentn\u00ed stav proud\u011bn\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd o 3 kr\u00e1t, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee protitlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu se zv\u00fd\u0161il 1 nebo 3kr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ze struktury odleh\u010dovac\u00edho ventilu a principu pr\u00e1ce je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed olej hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvkou na tlumic\u00edm otvoru do \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed dutiny, kdy\u017e tlak stoupne, aby p\u0159ekonal s\u00edlu pru\u017einy reguluj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed ventil, tlakov\u00fd olej otev\u0159e port \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho ventilu , pr\u016ftok oleje redukc\u00ed tlaku v otvoru ventilu, odtokov\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem t\u011blesa ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Olej bude proudit do zp\u011btn\u00e9 dutiny oleje pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu a olej p\u0159et\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed z otvoru hlavn\u00edho ventilu se spoj\u00ed a bude proudit zp\u011bt do olejov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee potrub\u00edm zp\u011btn\u00e9ho toku oleje. Stejn\u00fd tok zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Proto stav proud\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016ftoku oleje ve zp\u011btn\u00e9m potrub\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu p\u0159\u00edmo ovliv\u0148uje nastavovac\u00ed tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu. Kdy\u017e ob\u011b \u010derpadla pracuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, oba p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily sd\u00edlej\u00ed stejn\u00e9 zp\u011btn\u00e9 potrub\u00ed, interakci dvou proud\u016f toku oleje, je snadn\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159et kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku, zat\u00edmco p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil vrac\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00fd tlak portu, kter\u00fd se v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed dv\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed, zm\u011bn\u00ed se tak\u00e9 dutina regula\u010dn\u00ed kapacity p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu v tlaku oleje, co\u017e povede k nestabiln\u00edmu nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu a bude doprov\u00e1zeno vibracemi a hlukem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aby se odstranila v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e1 porucha, lze u dvou p\u0159etlakov\u00fdch ventil\u016f zv\u011bt\u0161it pr\u016fm\u011br cel\u00e9ho vratn\u00e9ho potrub\u00ed a dva pojistn\u00e9 ventily jsou nahrazeny extern\u00edm typem \u00faniku, tj. Pr\u016ftokem oleje otvorem pilotn\u00edho ventilu o dal\u0161\u00ed net\u011bsn\u00e9 potrub\u00ed proud\u00ed zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, nebo budou dva p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily vybaveny vlastn\u00edm zp\u011btn\u00fdm potrub\u00edm, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo tomu, \u017ee dva pojistn\u00e9 ventily mohou b\u00fdt vybaveny vlastn\u00edm zp\u011btn\u00fdm potrub\u00edm, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Za t\u0159et\u00ed, probl\u00e9m rezonance v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    V hydraulick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku 1-11 (a) je \u010derpadlo 1 a \u010derpadlo 2 stejnou specifikac\u00ed kvantitativn\u00edho \u010derpadla, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159i dod\u00e1vce hydraulick\u00e9ho oleje do syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt trojcestn\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00ednac\u00ed ventil 7 v poloze Y typu, p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil 3 a 4 m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 stejnou specifikaci, v dan\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed nainstalov\u00e1n v oleji v\u00fdstupn\u00edho portu \u010derpadla 1 a \u010derpadla 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Odleh\u010dovac\u00ed ventily 3 a 4 maj\u00ed stejnou velikost a jsou instalov\u00e1ny ve v\u00fdstupn\u00edch otvorech \u010derpadla 1, respektive \u010derpadla 2, pro konstantn\u00ed odleh\u010den\u00ed tlaku. Nastaven\u00ed tlaku pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu je 14 MPa a p\u0159i spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu syst\u00e9m vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jako sir\u00e9na. P\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed provozu syst\u00e9m p\u00edsk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Po zprovozn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el hluk odleh\u010dovac\u00edho ventilu a zjistil, \u017ee kdy\u017e funguje pouze jedna strana \u010derpadla a p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil, hluk zmizel a kdy\u017e ob\u011b strany \u010derpadla pracuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b, p\u00edskav\u00fd zvuk. Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee d\u016fvodem hluku je to, \u017ee dva p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily rezonuj\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm tekutiny Podle pracovn\u00edho principu pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu je vid\u011bt, \u017ee p\u0159epou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed ventil pracuje pod vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm p\u016fsoben\u00edm tlaku kapaliny a silou pru\u017einy, tak\u017ee je velmi snadn\u00e9 vyvolat vibrace a hluk. Jakmile kol\u00eds\u00e1 tlakov\u00fd olej na v\u00fdstupu a ovl\u00e1dac\u00edm otvoru pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu, tj. Dojde k hydraulick\u00e9mu \u0161oku, hlavn\u00ed c\u00edvka p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu, ku\u017eelov\u00fd ventil a jeho interaguj\u00edc\u00ed pru\u017eina vibruj\u00ed a stupe\u0148 vibrac\u00ed a jeho stav se budou m\u011bnit s tlakov\u00fdm \u0161okem kapaliny a kol\u00edsav\u00fdmi podm\u00ednkami. Proto \u010d\u00edm stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pr\u016ftok oleje spojen\u00fd s pojistn\u00fdm ventilem, t\u00edm stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude pojistn\u00fd ventil fungovat a naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ve v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 dvojit\u00e9 \u010derpadlo tlakov\u00fd olej zp\u011btn\u00fdm ventilem pot\u00e9, co dojde ke kombinovan\u00e9mu toku, r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu r\u00e1zu a kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed oscilaci zp\u011btn\u00e9ho ventilu, co\u017e vede k nestabilit\u011b tlaku oleje na v\u00fdstupu z hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla. A proto\u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00ed olejov\u00fd tlak \u010derpadla p\u016fvodn\u011b pulzuje, olejov\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed tlak \u010derpadla bude siln\u011b kol\u00edsat a vyvol\u00e1vat vibrace odleh\u010dovac\u00edho ventilu. A proto\u017ee vlastn\u00ed frekvence dvou odleh\u010dovac\u00edch ventil\u016f je stejn\u00e1, zp\u016fsobuje to rezonanci p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu a vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 neobvykl\u00fd hluk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vylu\u010dovac\u00ed metoda<\/strong>s<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Odleh\u010dovac\u00ed ventily 3 a 4 budou nahrazeny velkokapacitn\u00edm p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm na slou\u010den\u00ed dvojit\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e bude pojistn\u00fd ventil tak\u00e9 vibrovat, ale nebude p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00fd, proto\u017ee rezonance podm\u00ednek je vylou\u010dena.<\/li>
    • Dva p\u0159etlakov\u00e9 ventily budou nastaveny na tlak p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 MPa rozlo\u017een\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 aby se zabr\u00e1nilo rezonanci. Pokud je v tuto chv\u00edli pracovn\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce mezi 13 MPa a 14 MPa, m\u011bla by se hodnota nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu zv\u00fd\u0161it, aby minim\u00e1ln\u00ed nastavovac\u00ed tlak odpov\u00eddal pracovn\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce a tlakov\u00fd rozd\u00edl 1MPa by m\u011bl b\u00fdt st\u00e1le zachov\u00e1n.<\/li>
    • Zm\u011b\u0148te v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd obvod do podoby obr\u00e1zku 1-11 (b), to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee porty d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dvou pojistn\u00fdch ventil\u016f jsou p\u0159ipojeny k d\u00e1lkov\u00e9mu regul\u00e1toru 11, nastavovac\u00ed tlak syst\u00e9mu je ur\u010den regul\u00e1torem, existuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vztah k \u0159\u00eddic\u00edmu ventilu p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu, ale k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby nastaven\u00e1 hodnota tlaku regula\u010dn\u00ed pru\u017einy \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho ventilu musela b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nastavovac\u00ed tlak regul\u00e1toru.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      • Je to proto, \u017ee aby nastavovac\u00ed tlak d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho regul\u00e1toru mohl \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b fungovat, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nastavovac\u00ed tlak \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho ventilu odleh\u010dovac\u00edho ventilu, jinak d\u00e1lkov\u00fd regul\u00e1tor nebude fungovat.<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        V modern\u00edm strojn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou pou\u017eit\u00e9 hydraulick\u00e9 pohonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my tvo\u0159eny mnoha z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi hydraulick\u00fdmi okruhy. Takzvan\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed obvod je slo\u017een z p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch hydraulick\u00fdch komponent.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[680,681,682],"class_list":["post-1793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulic-press","tag-hydraulic-circuit","tag-hydraulic-circuit-design","tag-hydraulic-pressure-of-hydraulic-press"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Main-picture-1.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1793"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}