{"id":2280,"date":"2021-04-27T01:59:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-27T01:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zlqu95mfyr.wpdns.site\/?p=2280"},"modified":"2021-06-24T01:37:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-24T01:37:13","slug":"harsle-sequence-valve-circuits-of-hydraulic-press","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/harsle-sequence-valve-circuits-of-hydraulic-press\/","title":{"rendered":"Obvody sekven\u010dn\u00edch ventil\u016f hydraulick\u00e9ho lisu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"yoast-reading-time__wrapper\"><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__icon\"><\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__descriptive-text\">P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed:  <\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__reading-time\">18<\/span><span class=\"yoast-reading-time__time-unit\"> minut<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-problem-1-how-the-sequence-circuit-is-implemented\"><strong>Probl\u00e9m 1: Jak je implementov\u00e1n sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Obvod s r\u016fzn\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm k automatick\u00e9mu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sledu \u010dinnost\u00ed v\u00e1lc\u016f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obr\u00e1zek 1-1 ukazuje dva v\u00e1lce se stejnou plochou p\u00edstu, ale rozd\u00edln\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm. Sekvence akce je 1 palc\u016f a 2 palce, kdy\u017e se p\u00edst pohybuje dop\u0159edu; 1 palce a 2 palce, kdy\u017e se p\u00edst pohybuje dozadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"354\" height=\"261\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2283\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-1-1.png 354w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-1-1-150x111.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-1-1-300x221.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 354px) 100vw, 354px\" \/><figcaption>1-1 Obvod pro automatick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sekvence \u010dinnosti v\u00e1lce s r\u016fzn\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Obvod sekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edch ventil\u016f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V obvodu na obr\u00e1zku 1-2 je pou\u017eit sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil, aby v\u00e1lce fungovaly v po\u0159ad\u00ed 1-2-3-4. V okruhu se sekven\u010dn\u00edm provozem se sekven\u010dn\u00edmi ventily mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nastavovac\u00ed tlak sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed provozn\u00ed tlak oleje ve v\u00e1lci p\u0159i p\u0159edchoz\u00edm zdvihu, jinak jde o p\u0159ed\u010dinn\u00fd jev (tj. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed zdvih je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed ukon\u010den a dojde k dal\u0161\u00edmu zdvihu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2284\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2-1.png 376w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2-1-150x106.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-2-1-300x212.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><figcaption>1-2 Obvod sekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edch ventil\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod s va\u010dkov\u00fdm reverza\u010dn\u00edm ventilem<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obr\u00e1zek 1-3 ukazuje sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed va\u010dkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd reverzn\u00ed ventil. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed \u010das dal\u0161\u00ed sekvence lze ur\u010dit zm\u011bnou polohy beranu na p\u00edstnici a va\u010dkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho reverzn\u00edho ventilu. Po\u0159ad\u00ed akc\u00ed je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno \u0161ipkami na diagramu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"341\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-3-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2285\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-3-1.png 341w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-3-1-150x114.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-3-1-300x229.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><figcaption>1-3 Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed va\u010dkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00e9 ventily<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Obvod s nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm vratn\u00fdm pohybem<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec na obr. 1-4 je ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n ru\u010dn\u00edm reverzn\u00edm ventilem. Po upnut\u00ed obrobku je tlakov\u00fd olej p\u0159enesen do pracovn\u00edho v\u00e1lce s vratn\u00fdm pohybem p\u0159es sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil a s\u00e1m je op\u011btov\u00e1n. Kdy\u017e je upnut\u00ed uvoln\u011bno, ventil ru\u010dn\u00edho zp\u011btn\u00e9ho chodu se obnov\u00ed a pracovn\u00ed v\u00e1lec p\u0159estane fungovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"372\" height=\"268\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2286\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-4.png 372w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-4-150x108.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-4-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><figcaption>1-4 Obvod s nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm vratn\u00fdm pohybem<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod pomoc\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lc\u016f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obr\u00e1zek 1-5, V\u00e1lec pro pevnou p\u00edstnici, jednoduch\u00fd pohyb v\u00e1lce; V\u00e1lec B pro v\u00e1lec jednoduch\u00fd pevn\u00fd, pohyb p\u00edstnice. K dokon\u010den\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00ed sekvence: 1YA z\u00edskejte s\u00edlu, 1-A v\u00e1lec doprava, 2-B v\u00e1lec pohyb dol\u016f; 2YA z\u00edsk\u00e1te s\u00edlu, 3-A v\u00e1lec zp\u011bt do lev\u00e9ho pohybu, 4-B v\u00e1lec zp\u011bt do pohybu nahoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-5, z elektromagnetick\u00e9ho reverzn\u00edho ventilu p\u0159\u00edmo do potrub\u00ed v\u00e1lce B, s\u00e9rie do zp\u011btn\u00e9ho ventilu, nechte proudit pouze vypou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed olej z v\u00e1lce B a do tlakov\u00e9ho oleje do v\u00e1lce B mus\u00ed b\u00fdt veden sled v\u00e1lec A, proto\u017ee poloha p\u00edstu v\u00e1lce A k v\u00e1lci B do potrub\u00ed uzav\u00edr\u00e1 roli prvn\u00edho po startu. Kdy\u017e skon\u010d\u00ed zdvih p\u00edstu v\u00e1lce, teprve pot\u00e9 otev\u0159ete olejov\u00fd okruh k v\u00e1lci B, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dos\u00e1hnete postupn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00e1lce A. B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"237\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2287\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-5.png 330w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-5-150x108.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-5-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><figcaption>1-5 Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod pomoc\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edch v\u00e1lc\u016f<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod pro elektrick\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V elektrick\u00e9m sekven\u010dn\u00edm ovl\u00e1dac\u00edm obvodu Obr\u00e1zek 1-6, s koncov\u00fdmi sp\u00edna\u010di a elektromagnetick\u00fdm reverzn\u00edm ventilem pro lep\u0161\u00ed manipulaci, je elektrick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed flexibiln\u00ed, automatick\u00e1 manipulace rychle. Po skon\u010den\u00ed zdvihu se spust\u00ed koncov\u00fd sp\u00edna\u010d A, aby odpojil elektromagnetick\u00fd reverza\u010dn\u00ed ventil 2, a prav\u00fd v\u00e1lec pracuje ve sm\u011bru \u0161ipky 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil je instalov\u00e1n v s\u00e9rii v olejov\u00e9m okruhu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce, tak\u017ee b\u011bhem pohybu jednoho v\u00e1lce nebude ovlivn\u011bn pokles tlaku ostatn\u00edch v\u00e1lc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"334\" height=\"239\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2288\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-6.png 334w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-6-150x107.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-6-300x215.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/><figcaption>1-6 Sekven\u010dn\u00ed obvod elektrick\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Probl\u00e9m 2: Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 sekven\u010dn\u00ed akce<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V p\u0159\u00edkladu syst\u00e9mu s nevhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdm sekven\u010dn\u00edm ventilem uk\u00e1zan\u00fdm na obr\u00e1zku 1-7 je hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo d\u00e1vkovac\u00edm \u010derpadlem a obvod, do kter\u00e9ho pat\u0159\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec A, je obvod \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rychlosti \u0161krt\u00edc\u00ed klapky. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce A je 1\/2 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce B. P\u0159ed hydraulick\u00fdm v\u00e1lcem B je nastaven sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4 a jeho nastaven\u00ed tlaku je o 1 MPa ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu 2. Po\u0159ad\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce je nutn\u00e9 dokon\u010dit po p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00e1lce A a pot\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed v\u00e1lce B. Kdy\u017e je v\u0161ak spu\u0161t\u011bno hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo a je aktivov\u00e1n elektromagnetick\u00fd reverzn\u00ed ventil, funguje lev\u00e1 poloha, hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec A a B p\u016fsob\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b \u010das, nelze realizovat sled prvn\u00ed akce v\u00e1lce, B v\u00e1lce za akc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jako hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec B p\u0159ed instalac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho tak\u00e9 jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil. Kdy\u017e p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1, pracovn\u00ed tlak syst\u00e9mu dos\u00e1hl tlaku k otev\u0159en\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu. U tohoto typu sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu lze hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec B provozovat pouze bez prvn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed, ale ne pot\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Je-li obvod vylep\u0161en, jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-7 b, p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4 je nahrazen sekven\u010dn\u00edm ventilem d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a obvod d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu je p\u0159ipojen mezi hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec A a \u0161krtic\u00ed ventil, tak\u017ee otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed a zav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu je ur\u010deno zat\u011b\u017eovac\u00edm tlakem hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce A, nez\u00e1visle na vstupn\u00edm tlaku sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu. Proto je \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed tlak sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nastaven na m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak, ne\u017e je tlak z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce A, aby se dos\u00e1hlo posloupnosti v\u00e1lce A p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho jako prvn\u00edho a v\u00e1lce B p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edho pozd\u011bji. Proces \u010dinnosti je: spus\u0165te hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo a upravte tlak p\u0159ed p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem, elektromagnetick\u00fd reverzn\u00ed ventil aktivuje pr\u00e1ci v lev\u00e9 poloze, \u010d\u00e1st oleje natla\u010dte \u0161krtic\u00edm ventilem do hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce A. Zatla\u010dte v\u00e1lec A pohyb, \u010d\u00e1st tlaku olej p\u0159etlakov\u00fdm ventilem p\u0159et\u00e9k\u00e1 zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee. Kdy\u017e se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec A pohne a\u017e na konec, jeho tlak v z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei se rychle zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed a dos\u00e1hne \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho tlaku sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, je p\u0159ipojen hlavn\u00ed olejov\u00fd okruh sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec B spust\u00ed \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"626\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2289\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-7.png 626w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-7-600x205.png 600w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-7-150x51.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-7-300x103.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><figcaption>1-7 P\u0159\u00edklad syst\u00e9mu s nevhodn\u011b zvolen\u00fdmi sekven\u010dn\u00edmi ventily <br>1-Konstantn\u00ed \u010derpadlo 2-Odleh\u010dovac\u00ed ventil 3- Solenoidov\u00fd ventil &nbsp;<br>4-sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 5-regul\u00e1tor 6,7-zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Probl\u00e9my: <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obvod \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho oleje sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nelze p\u0159ipojit p\u0159ed \u0161krtic\u00ed ventil; nastavovac\u00ed tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu v hydraulick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nastaven podle tlaku zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce B, v opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nebude schopen odstranit v\u00fd\u0161e uvedenou poruchu. D\u016fvodem je, \u017ee zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce B je 2kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce A. Pracovn\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce B je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, tak\u017ee pracovn\u00ed tlak cel\u00e9ho hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu by m\u011bl b\u00fdt upraven podle norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnost hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-problem-3-mismatch-of-pressure-setting-values\"><strong>Probl\u00e9m 3: Neshoda hodnot nastaven\u00ed tlaku<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Neshoda mezi hodnotou nastaven\u00ed tlaku pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu a sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V syst\u00e9mu zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku 1-8 je hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo kvantitativn\u00ed a sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 5 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 6 pot\u00e9, co se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 7 p\u0159esunul na konec sv\u00e9ho pohybu: Sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 6, kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 7 se vr\u00e1t\u00ed do v\u00fdchoz\u00ed polohy a pot\u00e9 zah\u00e1j\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00fd pohyb. V syst\u00e9mu byl zji\u0161t\u011bn pomal\u00fd pohyb hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce 6. Obvykl\u00fdmi d\u016fvody pomal\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dek je, \u017ee pr\u016ftok hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla nedosahuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 hodnoty, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd \u00fanik uvnit\u0159 zp\u011btn\u00e9ho ventilu, v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd \u00fanik uvnit\u0159 hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce atd., Ale pro. V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 chyby byly zkontrolov\u00e1ny a nebyly mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch poruch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"338\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2290\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-8.png 338w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-8-150x115.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-8-300x230.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><figcaption>1-8 P\u0159\u00edklad obvodu s neshodn\u00fdmi hodnotami nastaven\u00ed tlaku <br>1-D\u00e1vkovac\u00ed \u010derpadlo 2-Odleh\u010dovac\u00ed ventil &nbsp;<br>3-elektromagnetick\u00fd reverza\u010dn\u00ed ventil <br>4,5-sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 6,7-hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0159i kontrole zp\u011btn\u00e9ho potrub\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee kdy\u017e byl hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 6 v pohybu, vyt\u00e9kalo z vratn\u00e9ho potrub\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed oleje a p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil za\u010dal p\u0159et\u00e9kat, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee nastaven\u00ed tlaku pojistn\u00fd ventil a sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil se neshoduj\u00ed. Pokud je tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu tak\u00e9 upraven podle t\u00e9to hodnoty, za\u010dne p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil p\u0159et\u00e9kat tak\u00e9 p\u0159i otev\u0159en\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu. Pokud je tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu nastaven v\u00fd\u0161e ne\u017e sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil, ale vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota nesta\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 6 v procesu pohybu p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pracovn\u00ed tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce 6 dos\u00e1hne tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu, p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil za\u010dne p\u0159et\u00e9kat, pohyb hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce 6 se zpomal\u00ed. Tlak p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu by proto m\u011bl b\u00fdt nastaven na 0,5 ~ 0,8 MPa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tlak sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu, aby se navz\u00e1jem shodovaly, aby se vylou\u010dila takov\u00e1 porucha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Jednosm\u011brn\u00e9 sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventilov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tlaku v sekven\u010dn\u00edm ak\u010dn\u00edm obvodu nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-9, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou akce sekvence je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed tlaku. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 metoda nastaven\u00ed je: po pohybu ventilu 6 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt nastavovac\u00ed tlak vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pracovn\u00ed tlak v\u00e1lce 4 0,8 ~ 1 MPa; se\u0159izovac\u00ed tlak ventilu 3 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pracovn\u00ed tlak v\u00e1lce 5 zp\u011btn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed t\u0159i 0,8 ~ 1 MPa, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edho tlaku v syst\u00e9mu, aby do\u0161lo k nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"336\" height=\"279\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2291\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-9.png 336w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-9-150x125.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-9-300x249.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 336px) 100vw, 336px\" \/><figcaption>1-9 Okruh sekven\u010dn\u00ed akce ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd jednocestn\u00fdm sekven\u010dn\u00edm ventilem  <br>1-Pojistn\u00fd ventil 2-sm\u011brov\u00fd ventil <br>3,6-Jednosm\u011brn\u00fd sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4,5-hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Probl\u00e9m p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed tlaku ka\u017ed\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Probl\u00e9mem je n\u00e1vrh obvodu sekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho tlakov\u00fdm rel\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e p\u0159\u00edkladem je soustava dvou v\u00e1lc\u016f a nastaven\u00ed cyklu sekvence podle akce jedna - akce dv\u011b akce t\u0159i akce \u010dty\u0159i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"473\" height=\"395\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2292\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-10.png 473w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-10-150x125.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-10-300x251.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><figcaption>1-10 Okruh sekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd tlakov\u00fdmi rel\u00e9 <br>1-Up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 2-Pod\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lec &nbsp;<br>3-Dvoupolohov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd ventil 4,7-Zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil &nbsp;<br>5-tlakov\u00fd reduk\u010dn\u00ed ventil 6-t\u0159\u00edpolohov\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd ventil <br>8-P\u0159epadov\u00fd ventil 9-Hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 10-Sac\u00ed filtr <br>11-Dvoupolohov\u00fd dvoucestn\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd ventil 12stup\u0148ov\u00fd regula\u010dn\u00ed ventil &nbsp; <br>13- Tlakov\u00e9 rel\u00e9 (1YJ)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obr\u00e1zek 1-10 ukazuje sekven\u010dn\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00ed obvod se dv\u011bma tlakov\u00fdmi rel\u00e9. Hlavn\u00ed chybou v tomto obvodu je, \u017ee sekven\u010dn\u00ed akce je nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1, tj. Necykluje zp\u016fsobem akce jedna - akce dv\u011b - akce t\u0159i - akce \u010dty\u0159i. P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny \u0161patn\u00e9 aktivace a zp\u016fsoby eliminace jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed. Nastavovac\u00ed tlak ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ventilu nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd nebo se z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu b\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aby se nap\u0159\u00edklad zabr\u00e1nilo tomu, aby tlakov\u00e9 rel\u00e9 1YJ vyslalo fale\u0161n\u00fd sign\u00e1l d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 1 dos\u00e1hne konce up\u00ednac\u00edho zdvihu, m\u011bl by b\u00fdt nastavovac\u00ed tlak 1YJ o 0,3 a\u017e 0,5 MPa v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e up\u00ednac\u00ed tlak up\u00ednac\u00edho v\u00e1lce a aby zajist\u011bte, aby v\u00e1lec 2 nebyl pod\u00e1v\u00e1n jako prvn\u00ed, ne\u017e bude obrobek spolehliv\u011b upnut, nastavovac\u00ed tlak reduk\u010dn\u00edho ventilu 5 je o 0,3 a\u017e 0,5 MPa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nastavovac\u00ed tlak 1 YJ; nastavovac\u00ed tlak pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu 8 Nastavovac\u00ed tlak pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu 8 by m\u011bl b\u00fdt o 0,2 ~ 0,3 MPa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nastavovac\u00ed tlak ventilu 5 a o 0,3 ~ 0,4 MPa v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed tlak v\u00e1lce 2. 2YJ by m\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edt ztr\u00e1tu tlak k vysl\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-problem-4-simultaneous-speed-and-sequence-control-problems\"><strong>Probl\u00e9m 4: Soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm rychlosti a sekvence<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Probl\u00e9m zp\u016fsobu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">U obvod\u016f se simult\u00e1nn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm rychlosti a sekvence je t\u0159eba pe\u010dliv\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit zp\u016fsob ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"605\" height=\"166\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2293\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-11.png 605w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-11-600x165.png 600w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-11-150x41.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-11-300x82.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 605px) 100vw, 605px\" \/><figcaption>1-11 Volba zp\u016fsobu ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu <br>1-Up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 2-Pod\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 3-Sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4-Tlakov\u00fd ventil 5-Obrobek<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jako p\u0159\u00edklad vezm\u011bte obvod zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00fd na obr\u00e1zku 1-11, po\u017eadavky na konstrukci: up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 1 upne obrobek 5 d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 2 p\u016fsobit a. Rychlost up\u00ednac\u00edho v\u00e1lce 1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nastaviteln\u00e1. Obr\u00e1zek 1-11 (a) K ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed rychlosti up\u00ednac\u00edho v\u00e1lce 1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161krtic\u00edho ventilu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tlakov\u00fd ventil 4 p\u0159etlakov\u00fd ventil (norm\u00e1ln\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd tlakov\u00fd ventil) a obvod mus\u00ed b\u00fdt obvod s konstantn\u00edm tlakem, tlakov\u00e1 s\u00edla kter\u00fd je regulov\u00e1n tlakov\u00fdm ventilem 4. Otev\u00edrac\u00ed tlak p sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu 3 tedy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pouze p2 \u2264 pi, tak\u017ee pod\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 2 m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit pouze prvn\u00ed nebo spole\u010dn\u011b s up\u00ednac\u00edm v\u00e1lcem 1 (bez ohledu na rozd\u00edl v zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi dv\u011bma v\u00e1lci), co\u017e nedosahuje zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu. Sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil na obr. 1-11 (b) je \u0159\u00edzen extern\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, tj. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed (\u0159\u00eddic\u00ed) tlak nen\u00ed veden prim\u00e1rn\u00edm tlakem, ale v\u00fdstupem \u0161krtic\u00edho ventilu. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, kdy\u017e up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 1 v procesu pohybu mus\u00ed kv\u016fli \u0161krt\u00edc\u00edmu ventilu existovat diferen\u010dn\u00ed tlak, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed tlak je v\u017edy men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u00ed tlak, dokud up\u00ednac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 1 up\u00ednac\u00ed obrobek nezastav\u00ed pohyb, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed tlak je stejn\u00fd na - - sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed tlak, pod\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00e1lec 2 pouze ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed akce, k dosa\u017een\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho sekven\u010dn\u00edho p\u016fsoben\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 parametry nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu a sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu vedou k tomu, \u017ee sekvence akce nespl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"323\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2294\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-12.png 323w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-12-150x98.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-12-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><figcaption>1-12 Dvouv\u00e1lcov\u00fd sekven\u010dn\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroje <br>1-hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo 2-tlakov\u00fd ventil 3-pojistn\u00fd ventil 4,5-hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jak je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bno na obr\u00e1zku 1-12 pro speci\u00e1ln\u00ed obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroj dvouv\u00e1lcov\u00fd sekven\u010dn\u00ed hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. V d\u016fsledku nespr\u00e1vn\u00fdch parametr\u016f nastaven\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu a sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu m\u016f\u017ee rychlost pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce 4 dos\u00e1hnout n\u00e1vrhov\u00e9 hodnoty, zat\u00edmco rychlost hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce 5 je pak p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1. D\u016fvod v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu: proto\u017ee tlakov\u00fd ventil 2 by se nem\u011bl otev\u0159\u00edt, kdy\u017e je otev\u0159en\u00fd, tok \u010derpadla bude odklon\u011bn, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pojistn\u00fd ventil 3 nastaven\u00fd na otev\u0159en\u00ed hodnoty tlaku je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil p\u0159es hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo kdy\u017e pln\u00fd pr\u016ftok nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty tlaku nebo p\u0159etlakov\u00e9ho ventilu 3 nastaven\u00e9ho na otev\u0159en\u00ed je hodnota tlaku stejn\u00e1 nebo m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil otev\u0159en\u00fd prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hydraulick\u00e9ho \u010derpadla, kdy\u017e je pln\u00fd pr\u016ftok nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty tlaku, hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec nem\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017eet p\u0159i pln\u00e9 rychlosti nebo rychlosti, kdy\u017e je velk\u00fd a n\u011bkdy mal\u00fd, proto je pro nastaven\u00ed tlaku pojistn\u00e9ho ventilu 3 na 0,5 ~ 0,8 MPa vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed tlak po otev\u0159en\u00ed sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu probl\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu vy\u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-problem-5-variable-load-circuit-design-problem\"><strong>Probl\u00e9m 5: Probl\u00e9m s n\u00e1vrhem obvodu s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"291\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/70RIZV7HD__30WGDCTL.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2295\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/70RIZV7HD__30WGDCTL.png 496w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/70RIZV7HD__30WGDCTL-150x88.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/70RIZV7HD__30WGDCTL-300x176.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><figcaption>1-13 N\u00e1vrhov\u00fd syst\u00e9m obvodu s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm <br>1 -D\u00e1vkovac\u00ed \u010derpadlo 2 -Nerozli\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016ftokov\u00fd ventil &nbsp;<br>3-elektromagnetick\u00fd sm\u011brov\u00fd ventil 4,5-ventil pro d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed &nbsp;<br>6,7- Zp\u011btn\u00fd ventil 8 Hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V syst\u00e9mu zobrazen\u00e9m na obr\u00e1zku 1-13 je hydraulick\u00e9 \u010derpadlo 1 d\u00e1vkovac\u00ed \u010derpadlo a t\u0159\u00edcestn\u00fd \u010dty\u0159cestn\u00fd elektrohydraulick\u00fd reverzn\u00ed ventil je typu Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec 8 tla\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e W do pohybu. Proto\u017ee je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohy kladn\u00e9 a ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohy z\u00e1porn\u00e9, tj. Sm\u011br zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je stejn\u00fd jako sm\u011br pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce, jsou sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventily 4 a 5 sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventily d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec tla\u010d\u00ed pohyb b\u0159emene doprava, komora bez ty\u010de hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce do tlaku oleje v olejov\u00e9m okruhu je dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e1 na to, aby otev\u0159ela sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed 4, hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec m\u016f\u017ee tla\u010dit pohyb b\u0159emene doprava. Naopak, kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec t\u00e1hne b\u0159emeno doleva, m\u016f\u017ee hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec zat\u00e1hnout b\u0159emeno doleva pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd tlak ve vstupn\u00edm obvodu beztlakov\u00e9 komory hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce dos\u00e1hne tlaku, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"313\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4e09\u7ef4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2296\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4e09\u7ef4.png 523w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4e09\u7ef4-150x90.png 150w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4e09\u7ef4-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u4e09\u7ef4-500x299.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Probl\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu je v tom, \u017ee hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec p\u0159i pohybu n\u00e1kladu generuje siln\u00e9 vibrace a r\u00e1zy. Sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je v syst\u00e9mu nastaven tak, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo poru\u0161e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce prudce se k\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edho dol\u016f p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b sm\u011bru zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed b\u011bhem tla\u010dn\u00e9ho pohybu n\u00e1kladu. D\u016fvodem vibrac\u00ed a r\u00e1z\u016f hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce je to, \u017ee kdy\u017e se z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed dol\u016f doprava za neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohu, tlak v komo\u0159e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce bez ty\u010de rychle kles\u00e1, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee vstupn\u00ed tlak nen\u00ed schopen otev\u0159\u00edt sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, tak\u017ee sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed 4 se okam\u017eit\u011b zav\u0159e, v tuto chv\u00edli, kdy\u017e se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec pohybuje rychle vpravo pod tahem z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, se olej v komo\u0159e bez ty\u010de rychle vypou\u0161t\u00ed ven, tak\u017ee kdy\u017e se zav\u0159e sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 prudk\u00e9 vibrace a r\u00e1zy, tak\u017ee b\u0159emeno se houp\u00e1 doprava a je nuceno pohyb zastavit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kdy\u017e se ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zav\u00edr\u00e1, hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec se nem\u016f\u017ee vr\u00e1tit do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, tak\u017ee se tlak v komo\u0159e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce bez ty\u010de rychle zvy\u0161uje, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje vibrace a ot\u0159esy. Kdy\u017e se hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec bez ty\u010de tlak kapaliny zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed tak, \u017ee jeho vstupn\u00ed tlak m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fd sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil 4, beztlakov\u00e1 komora kapaliny bez hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce kapalinou p\u0159\u00edmo skrz n\u00e1dr\u017e, n\u00e1klad a prudce se zhoupne dol\u016f doprava. Tento proces se opakuje, tak\u017ee vznikaj\u00ed vibrace a ot\u0159esy. Kdy\u017e hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec zat\u00e1hne b\u0159emeno k v\u00fdkyvu doleva, dojde ke stejn\u00e9mu jevu vibrac\u00ed a r\u00e1z\u016f, kdy\u017e se b\u0159emeno oto\u010d\u00ed dol\u016f za neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tato porucha je zp\u016fsobena \u0161patn\u00fdm designem, a proto by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vylep\u0161ena podle obr\u00e1zku 1-13 b. Nastavte \u0161krtic\u00ed ventily na v\u00fdstupn\u00edch potrub\u00edch sekven\u010dn\u00edho ventilu 4 a 5 d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, abyste regulovali rychlost pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce. Kdy\u017e je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nad neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohou, tj. Sm\u011br zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a sm\u011br pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce - tot\u00e9\u017e, olej ve vratn\u00e9 komo\u0159e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt neomezen\u011b zp\u011bt do n\u00e1dr\u017ee, ale regulac\u00ed \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky. Kdy\u017e je nastaven \u0161krtic\u00ed ventil \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky, ur\u010dete pr\u016ftok Q \u0161krtic\u00edm ventilem podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho vzorce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"49\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u516c\u5f0f.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2297\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u516c\u5f0f.png 268w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/\u516c\u5f0f-150x27.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Q - Pr\u016ftok \u0161krtic\u00ed klapkou, cm\u00b3\/s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">C<sub>d <\/sub>- Faktor pr\u016ftoku, cm <sup>0.5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">A-Plocha pr\u016f\u0159ezu \u0161krtic\u00edho otvoru, cm\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">\u03c1- Hustota oleje, kg\/cm\u00b3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">P - tlakov\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edn\u00ed a zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161krtic\u00ed klapky, N\/ cm\u00b2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho vzorce je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee kdy\u017e A nastav\u00edte, pr\u016ftok Q \u0161krtic\u00edho ventilu a \u0161krtic\u00ed ventil p\u0159ed a za druhou odmocninou tlakov\u00e9ho rozd\u00edlu \u0394p \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9ho tlaku za \u0161krtic\u00edm ventilem je nulov\u00fd (proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edmo skrz n\u00e1dr\u017e) , tak\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je pr\u016ftok \u0161krtic\u00edm ventilem, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je tlak hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce zp\u011bt do olejov\u00e9 komory. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem, kdy\u017e je sm\u011br zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed stejn\u00fd jako sm\u011br pohybu hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce, je olej ve vratn\u00e9 komo\u0159e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce pod ur\u010dit\u00fdm tlakem a tento tlak se m\u011bn\u00ed nastaven\u00edm \u0161krtic\u00edho ventilu. Tlak ve vstupn\u00ed komo\u0159e hydraulick\u00e9ho v\u00e1lce proto nebude rychle klesat pod podm\u00ednkou z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se nezav\u0159e. V procesu zm\u011bny zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z kladn\u00e9ho na z\u00e1porn\u00fd se proto hydraulick\u00fd v\u00e1lec st\u00e1le pohybuje plynule d\u00edky regulaci \u0161krtic\u00edho ventilu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hraje sekven\u010dn\u00ed ventil d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u011b vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed roli, tak\u017ee z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v jak\u00e9koli poloze, aby z\u016fstala stabiln\u00ed. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Sch\u00e9ma syst\u00e9mu hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu pro prom\u011bnn\u00e1 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zobrazen\u00e9 na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch 1-14 lze pou\u017e\u00edt k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed plynulosti a spolehlivosti syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"219\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wd-lazy-fade wp-image-2298\" title=\"\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-14.png 219w, https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/1-14-150x180.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><figcaption>1-14 Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd diagram hydraulick\u00e9ho okruhu s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pokud nen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh syst\u00e9mu dob\u0159e promy\u0161len\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k jedn\u00e9 nebo druh\u00e9 poru\u0161e, i kdy\u017e cel\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat. U syst\u00e9m\u016f vystaven\u00fdch st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm sm\u011br\u016fm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed by proto m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159ed n\u00e1vrhem hydraulick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu provedena pe\u010dliv\u00e1 anal\u00fdza sil.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokud nen\u00ed n\u00e1vrh syst\u00e9mu dob\u0159e promy\u0161len\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k jedn\u00e9 nebo druh\u00e9 poru\u0161e, i kdy\u017e cel\u00fd hydraulick\u00fd syst\u00e9m nem\u016f\u017ee fungovat. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2308,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[709,708],"class_list":["post-2280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydraulic-press","tag-hydraulic-sequence-valve-circuit","tag-sequence-valve"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Hydraulic-Press.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avido.cn\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}